Our Mission: Scientific Cooperation for Shared Development in the Belt & Road

Executive Director, the Secretariat of the Alliance of International Science Organizations (ANSO) Prof. Jinghua CAO:

“Our Mission: Scientific Cooperation for Shared Development in the Belt & Road”

Prof. Jinghua Cao is Executive Director at the Secretariat of the Alliance of International Science Organizations (ANSO). Before his current position, Prof. Jinghua Cao was Director-General of the Bureau of International Cooperation (BIC) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He is an English major and graduated from the Beijing Foreign Languages Institute in 1982. He holds a master’s degree in Business Management and International Policy from CCNY, U.S. (1987). He has worked in different posts that allowed him to gain experience in international relations at CAS such as Deputy Director of the Office of External Financing, Deputy Director and Director of the Office of American and Oceanian Affairs (BIC), Assistant Director, Deputy Director-General and Director-General of BIC. He also worked as a Second and First Secretary in the S&T Section of the Chinese Embassy in Washington D.C., US, from 1995 to 1997. His research interests are science policy and international cooperation in science and engineering. His publications include several articles in international SCI journals.

“Our vision is to and build a community for the whole humankind with a shared future under the principles of the BRI drawn discussions. We promote shared benefits with a set of concrete Science, Technology, Innovation, and Capacity building actions (STIC). The 2020 call for ideas and suggestions for ANSO-led collaborative research focused on four priority areas: Environmental challenges, agriculture & food security, health, well-being, and green technology. 75 proposals from ANSO members have been received with the participation of research institutes and universities in the BRI region. The ANSO Cross-cutting Platform includes the Health Corridor, Food Security Corridor, Green Technology Corridor, and would be developed Energy Corridor, which are developed to integrate various scientific research, innovation, and technology, and encourage tech transfer that benefits green development and human well-being. As an international science organization, ANSO attaches great importance to knowledge, information, communication, and dissemination. Very early on, almost one month after the outbreak of the pandemic, Chinese scientists developed the DNA sequencing information of COVID-19. ANSO used its own communication channel to quickly disseminate genome information to the rest of the world through our network or our newsletters.”

Prof. Jinghua Cao answered the questions of BRIQ Editor Deniz Eren Erişen.

First, what kind of partnership does ANSO rest of the world. When I was Director-Gener-

represent? Could you briefly tell us about the es- al of the Bureau of International Cooperation of

tablishment process of ANSO and the scientific CAS, we gave particular emphasis to the inter-

institutions and organizations cooperating with nationality of CAS Science and Technology. We

ANSO from the beginning? engaged a lot of countries and a lot of institu-

Jinghua Cao: The Chinese Academy of tions. In the last couple of years of my term as

Sciences (CAS) attaches tremendous impor- Director-General of that department, we created

tance to international collaboration. We con- about 10 overseas research and education sites

sider international cooperation a key to CAS’s and centers, from Chile to Brazil from Brazil

continuous growth and development, and its to Sri Lanka and Central Asia. We also reached

continuing impact in the international scientific Kenya in Africa and Myanmar in Southeast

arena because you have to be engaged with the Asia, for instance, where we have a biodiversity

rest of the world to do innovative work. Today, research centre.

innovation occurs in all parts of the world. Also, we had extensive engagements with

Transformations are occurring in different institutions in many developed economies, in-

sectors of the economy. We want to be open to cluding activity with the United States. For a

this change so we can continue to be innovative time, we had a good partnership with US nation-

and contribute CAS’s accomplishments to the al lab under the U.S. Department of Energy and

some of the United States’ universities. Also, the ing our scientists from CAS and the Chinese

Max Planck Society in Germany and the Nation- community, and our international partners, they

al Research Center in France. all thought so. They called for a more prominent

role of Science and Technology collaboration

The Chinese Academy of Sciences took an in the quality development of the BRI. This is

important role in the creation of ANSO. As is because scientists can look to a new paradigm

known, the idea of establishing ANSO first ap- through scientific collaboration.

peared in the “First International Science Forum My department played a critical role in im-

mediately putting the CAS management ideas of National Scientific Organizations on the Belt into practice. With international S&T commuand Road Initiative” held in Beijing in Novemnity, we organized the first International Sympober 2016. This Forum resulted in the “Beijing sium on the Belt & Road. That brought together Declaration.” Can you tell us about the Chinese about thirty institutional members and roughly

Academy of Sciences and its contributions to the four hundred scientists. There were discussions

Beijing Declaration? centered around different topics, like natural

Jinghua Cao: When the Belt and Road In- disasters, prevention and mitigation of climate

itiative was proposed by the Chinese govern- change, studies about biodiversity, and educa-

ment, as the largest national R&D organization, tion and capacity building for a better future.

CAS believed it should have a role in it, includ- There was also discussion about how we could

ANSO focuses on promoting scientific awareness, technological inclusion, knowledge sharing and capacity enhancement for combating desertification in the Belt and Road countries. (ANSO's website, 2020ANSO's website (2020). The source article does not provide a separate full bibliographic entry for this citation.)

use the best scientific developments for a solu- ganization at the time. I did not realize how com-

tion to address problems like drinking water plicated it would be, but of course, and thanks

and making life sustainable, and ensuring that to my previous engagement with The World

we would have a robust variety of seeds to grow Academy of Sciences (TWAS), InterAcademy

even under the impact of climate change. Panel (IAP). We worked it out with international

partners’ assistance and came up with the draft of ANSO’s statures. Then we circulated it to the ANSO emphasizes concrete actions, institutions that participated in the first sympoaiming to address problems rather sium. Of course, this is a very long and challengthan just produce strategic analysis ing process. Basically, you need to talk with all and studies. But of course, strategic the stakeholders, you have to be as transparent analysis is essential, too. This

emphasis can gradually build up as possible.

ANSO’s international impact. Many issues require a shared solution for

Our collaboration partners from overseas the common future of humanity. These issues in-

say “The Belt & Road Initiative does give a par- clude climate change, resource problems, natural

adigm shift in terms of enhancing internation- disasters, infectious diseases, and food security.

al collaboration”. A lot of scientists want to use What is ANSO’s foresight in this context? How

the opportunity to enhance the collaboration in does ANSO support the Belt and Road Initiative

their areas but of course for the general public for science-based solutions?

good. Jinghua Cao: We realized that we need to The Beijing Declaration contains three elecreate an international science organization that ments. The first element is to give a more promemphasizes concrete actions. Our vision is to inent role of science and technology in the qual-

ity development of the Belt & Road. The second promote to promote the realization of the Unit-

is to rely on international scientific collaboration ed Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (UN

for the constructive development of the Belt & SDGs) and build a community for the whole

Road. Third, we need to create some kind of of humankind with a shared future under the

platform or coordination mechanism to achieve principles of the BRI drawn discussions. That's

synergy and cooperative effects and we can pro- our aim! ANSO emphasizes concrete Science,

mote international collaboration for the benefits Technology, Innovation, and Capacity building

of green and sustainable development. “Green” actions (STIC), aiming to address concrete prob-

and “sustainable” were keywords in the first lems rather than just producing strategic analy- Symposium. You see, to develop a quality Belt & sis and studies. But of course, strategic analysis is Road, you have to be sustainable and green. essential, too. This emphasis can gradually build Delegates and representatives from twelve

international institutions, universities, and in- up ANSO’s international impact. So, we also en-

ternational organizations, including CAS, held a gage in strategic studies, science policy analysis,

meeting in Islamabad. We discussed and draft- advising the government and societies for science

ed the ANSO’s statures. We did not have a good based decision-makings. The ANSO voice and in-

sense about how to create an international or- fluence are heard in the rest of the world.

We emphasize in our society how impor- We conduct strategic studies because we

tant it is to use solidarity and collaboration to can benefit from the contributions of scientists

achieve our goal. For example, if you don’t wear in China and international partners and some of

a mask, you not only affect yourself but also oth- the CAS academicians. We also have a few sci-

ers, including your neighbors, your relatives, ence ambassadors from selected overseas coun-

and friends. So it’s imperative to wear one. So tries. They can help us promote green/sustaina-

that’s why I would see that discipline is needed ble concepts to promote global efforts to address

to address some of the challenges. climate change.

We designed our studies to be released to

the rest of the world. We have also provided We see that ANSO provides an essential

some strategic advice to my government on how framework for scientific cooperation, especial-

to R&D develop a vaccine for public good under ly for the Belt and Road nations. President Xi

the pandemic, how can we turn a vaccine into a said, “Science has no (geographical) bounda-

globally needed product, how we should intensi- ries, but scientists have their homeland.” What

fy efforts to protect biodiversity conservation to are the effects of President Xi and the Chinese global groups and how to prevent the occurrenc- Communist Party’s programs on ANSO’s proes of invasive species. jects? In terms of science-based advice, we are

very proud to say that health has been a primary Jinghua Cao: Let me answer this from two

priority in our agenda even before the outbreak perspectives. One is that ANSO was created un-

of the pandemic. der the general framework of the BRI’s proposal.

Chinese President Xi Jinping addresses the opening of the 19th Meeting of the Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, capital of China, May 28, 2018. (Ju Peng/ Xinhua)

As I mentioned earlier, as the largest national sci- launch of ANSO. President Xi indicated that

ence research organization, it would not be right in the letter, such collaboration enhances our

for CAS to not play a role in this most prominent policy capacity around the world, and address-

international collaboration proposal ever made es some of the common challenges that we all

by China. Look at the Belt & Road! The BRI is face. He, therefore, advises enhancing the role

intended to add value to the global community, of the ANSO member institutions to address

to create a better world, to create a community of this challenge together. He pointed out some of

the whole of humankind with a shared future to the directions that ANSO should go in: BRI’s

address our problems and achieve development. construction is the road of green/sustainable

If you look at the issues and challenges we face, development, the road of innovation, and the

you would acknowledge the need to emphasize road of health. I have to say that ANSO’s vision

development, meanwhile, we should also em- and objectives are clearly in line with UN SDGs,

phasize green and sustainable development. too. For the Chinese scientists, President Xi ad-

vises them not only to think about problems in China but we should also care about the rest of

Putting together scientists with a the world. Of course, we’ll have to care about

worldwide vision will also resolve problems and challenges in our own home

issues in their own homeland. I countries, so they are combined into a global

think that’s a very wise idea and attitude with home attitude. You can contribute

we encourage our scientists to to addressing the challenges of your country.

contribute to the rest of the world. You can also contribute to addressing global

I look at the UN SDGs as a publicly, globally challenges. Putting together scientists with a

accepted concept. I would say the Belt & Road worldwide vision will also resolve in their own

is one of the best exercises in actively advancing homeland. I think that’s a very wise idea and

the UN’s actions for sustainable development. we encourage our scientists to contribute to

The BRI puts a lot of concrete actions in achiev- the rest of the world. We’re also told that things

ing globally designed objectives. It is a grant pro- from other countries will work with both sides

posal, and it aims to a better world. The BRI also together to address global challenges.

gives many wonderful opportunities for Chinese One of the prominent studies supported by scientists to be interactive with global scientists ANSO is the Multi-Model-Integrated Subseato address global commonalities, common chalsonal-to-Seasonal Prediction and Application in lenges such as climate change, environmental Disaster Risk Reduction (MISSPAD). Could you protection, and energy challenges. CAS has to inform us about MISSPAD, its activities, and be involved. networks? Of course, President Xi’s thought also gives

clear instructions that ANSO should be heading Jinghua Cao: ANSO-MISSPAD is an im-

to green sustainable core development. portant project that provides timely and effec-

Gladly, through hard efforts, we got a let- tive weather and climate forecasting services.

ter of congratulations from President Xi at the It offers regular academic seminars and short-

term training courses to improve the capability caught fire and lost power near the east coast of

of forecasting disasters such as floods, droughts, Sri Lanka. This tanker was 330 meters long and

high temperatures, cold waves, and typhoons. a huge crude oil carrier chartered by the Indian

MISSPAD aims to protect people’s lives and Oil company. Immediately after the accident, the

property in the Belt and Road countries and re- ANSO-MISSPAD team launched the emergen-

duce losses from natural disasters. It has released cy forecast of Indian Ocean cyclones and ocean

more than ten newsletters, which made forecasts currents. The team provided the prediction re-

for the following seasons for Central Asia, South sults for relevant organizations and rescue teams

Asia, Southeast Asia. It has done excellent work in Sri Lanka. They also informed the ships near-

predicting the spring drought in Southeast Asia, by via media of the latest rescue situation and

the typhoon season, the summer rainfall pattern, weather forecast to keep away from the sea areas

and the Arctic sea ice extent. ANSO-MISSPAD in advance and pay attention to the changes of

also works with partners to issue early warnings wind direction and ocean currents. The team

of extreme climate events. was acknowledged by the Sri Lanka government

I can give you an example of how it works. and the Chinese Embassy in Sri Lanka. This inci-

On September 3, 2020, a fully loaded oil tanker dent highlighted the critical role MISSPAD plays

ANSO Collaborative Research Areas

ANSO Collaborative Research Areas (ANSO website, http://www.anso.org.cn/programmes/flagshipProject/research/)

in international scientific cooperation and disas- productivity assessment, high-efficiency irriga-

ter prevention in the Belt and Road regions. tion, and insect pest control.

One of the programs is Investigation and

Could you give us information about oth- Monitoring of Agricultural and Forestry Pests

er ANSO collaborative research that address- in the Interior of Central Asia. This activity will

es sustainable development? How can health, carry out investigations on agricultural and for-

food security, green technology, and energy estry pest resources, collect specimens and sam-

corridors be improved based on ANSO-led ples of pests and assist the foreign partners in

projects? building the resource database of pest samples.

The DNA barcode sequence of pests will be ob- Jinghua Cao: ANSO led collaborative retained to construct the DNA barcode database search places emphasis on S&T cooperation and form the rapid identification system of imand partnerships between ANSO Members and portant harmful pests based on DNA barcode partners in areas of high importance for green technology. The pest monitoring network will and sustainable development. The 2020 call for be established in Central Asia’s interior based on ideas and suggestions for ANSO led collabo- China’s mature pest monitoring technology and rative research focused on four priority areas: equipment to export biological control technol- Environmental challenges, agriculture & food ogy and products. It will demonstrate their apsecurity, health, well-being, and green technolplications in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, ogy. 75 proposals from ANSO members have Turkmenistan, and other countries. Through been received with the participation of research technical training and joint implementation, institutes and universities in the BRI region. professional technical teams and young scientif- The ANSO Cross-cutting Platform includes ic researchers for Central Asia will be cultivated. the Health Corridor, Food Security Corridor, Green Technology Corridor, and would be de- What about the Health Corridor? veloped Energy Corridor, which are developed

to integrate various scientific research, innova- Jinghua Cao: The ANSO Health Corri-

tion, and technology, and encourage tech trans- dor is one of the flagship platforms focusing on

fer that benefits green development and human technology transfer on Health Products, Clean

well-being. Water, Low-Cost Medical Care, and Medicines

Here are examples of the two corridors & Vaccines. This platform puts a significant ef-

from the ANSO Cross-cutting Platform: The fort into setting up innovation-based enterprises

ANSO Food Security Corridor is set up to safe- to help high-quality development by integrating

guard regional and global food security by im- resources from different stakeholders. Regard-

proving agriculture science’s research capacity ing clean water technology, ANSO is promoting

and implementing the related advanced technol- activities under the ANSO Health Corridor, for

ogy in the BRI regions. This platform extended example, Feasible Technologies and Strategies

in-depth cooperation and research for natural for Safe Drinking Water in Southeast and South

disaster prediction, hybrid rice and wheat, food Asian Countries.

and dissemination. Very early on, almost one

RCEES aims to establish month after the outbreak of the pandemic, Chi-

collaborative research with nese scientists developed the DNA sequencing

distinguished scientists and information of the COVID-19. experts to jointly develop feasible ANSO has its own communication channel and sustainable drinking water

purification technologies and to quickly disseminate genome information to

integrated facilities for residents. the rest of the world through our network or our

newsletters. The President of ANSO gave specific emphasis on that. We need to release this in- Drinking water safety is a big issue and a formation and share it with the rest of the global grand challenge for social development and hucommunity as quickly as possible because that man well-being in the “Belt and Road” countries. is valuable information for the development of In the past ten years, the Research Center for testing kits, vaccines, and drugs. So, we did play Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy a very effective role in disseminating knowledge. of Sciences (RCEES) has made significant pro- In terms of the active development of vacgress in technology invention and implementacines and drugs, ANSO is an international scition for rural areas, foreign-aid projects promoentific organization. We rely on research instition, and international networks built-up. This tutions and universities outside of international ANSO activity aims to establish collaborative relabs. We assisted our scientists in achieving sevsearch with distinguished scientists and experts eral partnerships, for instance, with Brazil. We from Burma, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh

to jointly develop feasible and sustainable drink- supported each other’s efforts to create quick

ing water purification technologies and integrat- testing kits. They have achieved a lot of pro-

ed facilities for residents. Additionally, it will gress. We also help our institute in Shanghai,

help establish the ANSO regional network in the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, to create

water and environment field for sustainable co- a partnership in developing drugs against the vi-

operation among the Southeast and South Asian rus. Through that partnership, they identified a

countries and accelerate knowledge transfer and unique local drug with Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan

experience sharing under the ANSO framework. quickly approved it for emergency use.

I’m proud to say that ANSO has played

We are curious about ANSO’s examples of a major role in conducting the third phase in

international cooperation in combating COV- clinical trials of protein-based vaccine devel-

ID-19. Has ANSO been effective in vaccine de- oped by CAS, Institute of Microbiology, and

velopment and phases of clinical research and China’s Anhui Zhifei Longcom Vaccine com-

data processing on vaccines’ effects on commu- pany. We reached 7,000 subjects already dur-

nities ing Phase trials. And Phase III clinical trials are

Jinghua Cao: As an international science going on in Uzbekistan. We also conducted the

organization, ANSO attaches great importance trial in Pakistan. ANSO is playing a role in the

to knowledge, information, communication, communication and organizing of trials. We

Scientists conduct clinical researches for vaccine against COVID-19. (CGTN, 2020CGTN (2020). The source article does not provide a separate full bibliographic entry for this citation.)

had a role in organizing over 20 different webi- COVID-19 but for other infectious diseases. We

nars to locate good international partnerships can have a more prominent role in developing

to carry out the third phrase clinical trials of some of the vaccines that humankind needs.

that vaccine candidate. In addition to vaccines, ANSO organized

It is an effort to show we have another pub- several major international conferences discuss-

lic vaccine candidate not only for the benefit of ing the numerous scientific developments and

China but also for the rest of the world. The ad- achievements in the development of testing kits,

vantage of this vaccine is that it can be transport- drugs, and vaccines.

ed and stored at an average temperature from 2 We see that China is relatively more expeto 8 ˚C. Still, the mRNA vaccines produced by rienced and more predictive in combating the Pfizer or Moderna can only be transported and pandemic than Western countries. One of the stored at low temperatures. Pfizer needs -18 ˚C, remarkable events of ANSO, especially before and Moderna needs -20 ˚C. It is very hard to use the pandemic, is the International Conference them unless you have a facility. Arrangement of on Silk-road Disaster Risk Reduction and

logistic requirements is very tough, especially Sustainable Development. What can you say

for developing countries. So ANSO tries to share about the scope and outcomes of this confer-

and promote alternatives. ence?

ANSO believes health and diseases are a big Jinghua Cao: The Belt and Road countries’

issue; we think that ANSO should play a more environments vary across regions, and there

critical role. We are engaging with the Bill Gates are frequent natural disasters like earthquakes,

Foundation to develop vaccines not only for floods, and droughts. These factors threaten the

regional development and peoples’ livelihood. Hopefully, it will contribute to the construction of

According to United Nations data, the disaster a Community of the shared future for mankind.

losses in the Belt and Road countries are twice ANSO-DRR now has nearly thirty mem-

more than the world average. Clearly, there is an bers and successfully held many training courses

urgent need to promote international coopera- about disaster prevention along the Silk Road. It

tion in disaster risk reduction and sustainable has provided crucial support for the risk anal-

development along the Silk Road. It was crucial ysis and disaster reduction among the Belt and

and necessary to hold this conference. It aimed Road countries. Its influence is growing stronger

to enhance the Belt and Road Countries’ resil- worldwide

ience against natural hazards and their ability to

secure peoples’ livelihood. We brought together ANSO’s support for scientific and academic

over one thousand leading scientists, research- education is known mainly by graduate students

ers, and scholars along the Silk Road countries and young academics. What is ANSO’s support

to exchange their experiences and research re- for graduate students, junior researchers, and

sults about disaster prevention and sustainable young academics?

development. Jinghua Cao: I admit that the pandemic has had adverse impacts on some ANSO programs.

ANSO-DRR’s goal is to build an Otherwise, we would have launched more young

international platform for joint mobility programs. For instance, we designed a

research and sharing information program to share the ample scientific facilities

on natural disaster studies. It also of China for scientists all around the world, pri-

includes resource development, marily young scientists from developing coun-

ecological protection, disaster tries. China has lots of large science facilities,

mitigation, sustainable development, like particle physics, giant telescopes, and the

and personnel training. Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio

Telescope in Shanghai. This conference’s most outstanding out- China has a large number of research facilicome is the founding of the Alliance of Internaties we want to share with the rest of the world for tional Science Organizations on Disaster Risk research and innovation, not only with Western Reduction (ANSO-DRR). Its goal is to build countries but also with our neighbors and develan international platform for joint research and oping countries such in the Five-hundred-meter sharing information on natural disaster studies.

It also includes resource development, ecologi- Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), Ex-

cal protection, disaster mitigation, sustainable perimental Advanced Superconducting Tokam-

development, and personnel training. In the ak (EAST) and so on. Young scientists in their

future, ANSO-DRR will promote international early career in science, trying to find research

cooperation in disaster risk reduction along the partnership opportunities are welcomed to ap-

Silk Road, advance the implementation of the ply for the program. Senior scientists worldwide

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction will also be invited to carry out first-class scien-

and the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. tific projects on our facilities.

The First ANSO Young Scientists Forum held in Hangzhou on November 9th, 2019. (ANSO, 2019ANSO (2019). The source article does not provide a separate full bibliographic entry for this citation.)

We have another program for young scien- national collaboration. Within CAS, they have an

tists who graduated from CAS institutes as pre- international collaboration department. ANSO is

vious PhD students. After completing their PhD, designed initially for collaboration with develop-

they want to return to their homeland, they may ing countries.

join a university in Kenya, in Turkey, in South CAS has an extended international collab-

Africa. We want to provide them with some of oration portfolio with many programs that en-

the best minds. They have to be very scientific courage international scientist mobility for both

and show tremendous potential to be career sci- young and seniors.

entists. We want to create funding to help them

get connected with home institutions and with We heard that ANSO is creating a technol-

mentors and collaborators from China. This will ogy transfer platform between developing na-

create a long-term international partnership for tions. Could you give more details about this

platform? specific countries and the needs of science con-

tinue to push scientific development in particu- Jinghua Cao: To answer that question, the

lar areas. ANSO is willing to act as an extended best way is to investigate ANSO’s work or strate-

value-added platform of the existing CAS inter- gic priorities. We have a range of tools to achieve

our region and objectives at home. We hope that meetings; you can do whatever, but in technolo-

funding can also come from our collaborators a gy, it is a little different, and if you don’t organize

little bit. That will make a big difference instead in the right way, you will not achieve your pur-

of only just one way of funding. If some local in- pose. You will lose the confidence and trust of

stitutions can contribute a little bit of the financ- the other side. We are currently creating a city

ing to a particular product, that’s the thing we tech transfer platform with a branch of the Bei-

welcome the most. Look at the five elements of jing Municipal Government. We hope that we

strategic priorities of ANSO, like climate change can collect resources and network with talents

and biodiversity conservation, which support across the country under the ANSO platform.

ANSO’s portfolio and why ANSO is a big science

organization. That is science-based, but also very Thank you very much for your time, Prof.

relevant to achieving a better life. Cao. Is there anything else that you would like

Firstly, understanding the current capacity to add?

for research is essential for significant scientific Jinghua Cao: Let me add two aspects. applications that must be calculated in common. ANSO is one of the two professional organiza- Second, addressing country-specific challenges tions that are approved by the Chinese governlike pollution and especially lake pollution is ment and registered to the Ministry of Civil important for drinking water. Countries from Affairs. The other one is the Belt and Road In- Central Asia to Africa need help to get drinkternational Lawyers Association (BRILA). BRI-

ing water. The third is the capacity for construc- LA targets at promoting legal cooperation. In

tion. The fourth is a science-based solution for natural sciences, ANSO is the only international

facilities. And the last that you referred to in science organization officially approved by the

this question is technology transfer. There are Chinese government and registered as NGO. We

technologies that offer solutions for certain lo- feel that we have a bright future. We need a lot of

cal needs in some of the developing countries people to enhance ANSO, including journalists

within the BRI frame. We are also interested in and the scientific press. If you have good ideas,

bringing some of the solutions, particularly sci- you can contact to us and we will welcome it.

ence-based solutions for the BRI countries. My last word is, when you build an infra-

CAS has relationships with about 500 high structure, you need people. Infrastructures are

tech companies. The organization in place is ef- the bones of a person, but you also need flesh;

fective, but we still haven’t created the interna- you need muscles to hold a person together.

tional tech transfer chapter. It is on our agenda. ANSO is trying to contribute to the soft tissue

For the science agenda, you can organize many of the BRI.